Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are a common concern, especially among athletes and individuals engaging in high-intensity physical activities. Whether it’s a sudden twist during a sports event or an unfortunate fall, an ACL injury can drastically impact mobility and lifestyle. One of the most pressing questions after such an injury is: do you need surgery? This blog explores the nature of ACL injuries, their symptoms, treatment options, and signs that surgery might be required.

What is an ACL Injury?

The ACL is one of the key ligaments that helps stabilize the knee joint. It connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia) and prevents excessive forward movement and rotational stress. An ACL injury typically occurs due to:

• Sudden stops or changes in direction (common in sports like basketball, soccer, and skiing)
• Improper landing from a jump
• Direct impact or collision (common in contact sports)

Symptoms of an ACL Injury

Signs of an ACL injury include:

• A popping sensation in the knee at the time of injury
• Severe pain and inability to continue activity
• Swelling that begins within hours
• Limited range of motion
• Instability when walking or bearing weight on the leg

Diagnosing an ACL Injury

If you suspect an ACL injury, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional. Diagnosis typically involves:

• Physical examination by a doctor to assess the range of motion and stability of the knee.
• Imaging tests, such as an MRI, to confirm the extent of ligament damage.

Treatment Options for ACL Injuries

Non-Surgical Treatment

Rest and Rehabilitation: For partial tears or low-activity individuals, rest, physical therapy, and bracing can help regain stability.
Physical Therapy: Strengthening surrounding muscles to support the knee can be an effective strategy.

Surgical Treatment

Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction: The damaged ACL is removed and replaced with a graft (usually from the patient’s hamstring or patellar tendon). Surgery is minimally invasive and aims to restore full function and stability to the knee.

When is Surgery Necessary?

Surgery may be needed if:

• Complete Tear: A full rupture of the ACL often requires surgical reconstruction, especially for active individuals who wish to return to sports or high-impact activities.
• Instability: Persistent knee instability or “giving out” during daily activities signals that the knee’s structural integrity has been compromised.
• Associated Injuries: ACL injuries often coincide with damage to other knee structures, like the meniscus or cartilage. Surgery may be recommended to address these combined injuries.
• Failed Non-Surgical Treatment: If conservative methods do not alleviate pain or improve stability, surgery could be the next step.

The Benefits of ACL Surgery

• Restored Stability: Surgery provides the support needed for high-impact movements.
• Reduced Risk of Future Damage: Untreated ACL injuries can lead to additional damage, such as osteoarthritis.
• Return to Activity: Many patients successfully return to sports or an active lifestyle post-surgery, provided they undergo a thorough rehabilitation program.

Choosing ACL surgery depends on injury severity and your lifestyle. Persistent instability or a complete tear often makes surgery the best option to regain full knee function and prevent future damage.

If non-surgical methods fail or your injury involves additional knee damage, surgery may be necessary for stability and long-term joint health. This helps in resuming an active lifestyle safely.

For expert advice, consult Dr. Abhishek Barli, an experienced orthopedic at RTC X Roads, Hyderabad, to determine the best treatment plan for your ACL injury and ensure optimal recovery and knee health.